William Farrell’s Men as Success Objects Essay -- Rhetorical Analysis

William Farrells Men as achievement ObjectsIdentity is a subject commonly discussed within literature. In William Farrells essay entitled Men as triumph Objects this subject is the object of much scrutiny. Farrell analyzes the role of gender in todays order and give ins that masculine identity is in a condition where male insecurities about success, their appearance, and females have left most men in todays troupe in dire straights. Compounded by prevailing ultra-feminist ideals, orderliness has become saturated by the men are jerks mentality. This condition can be seen in various aspects of society much(prenominal) as commercials, television programs, eventide greeting cards (Farrell, 186). While some may not agree with his opinions on the state of male identity, Farrell uses a number of rhetorical strategies and literary devices much(prenominal) as an clinical point of view, an mental tone, and appeals to both logos and ethos in order to tellingly convey belief that men are treated as success objects in todays society. In discussing the subject of male identity, especially as compared to female identity, Farrell is very careful to remain very objective throughout his rhetoric. Part of his balanced approach to proving his argument, is the use of an objective point of view. Farrells talk over objectivity can be seen in aspects of his piece such as his word choice, free of denotative language, his lack of any first hand anecdotes, a removal of any indication of his gender (except his name), and a severe third person style throughout his piece. All of these characteristics combine to make his argument effective to a large demographic of people, unlike many pieces on gender identity, whose audience is usually limited to at most a spe... ...emotional appeal, Farrell improves his argument by making it objective, understandable, and relatable. Debates over gender are always fractious to win. Each side has its own experience and it is impossib le for the other side to completely understand the others perspective. In William Farrells essay Men as supremacy Objects the subject of male identity is discussed as objectively as a person of any gender could do. Through the use of an objective point of view, an intellectual tone, and appeals to both logos and ethos Farrells argument becomes both valid an effective. Through his use of rhetorical devices Farrell tells people what he knows and changes what they think.Works CitedFarrell, William. Men as Success Objects. Constructing Others Constructing Ourselves. Ed. Gruber, Sibylle et al. Dubuque, Iowa Kendall/Hunt Publishing. 2002. 185-88. William Farrells Men as Success Objects Essay -- Rhetorical AnalysisWilliam Farrells Men as Success ObjectsIdentity is a subject commonly discussed within literature. In William Farrells essay entitled Men as Success Objects this subject is the object of much scrutiny. Farrell analyzes the role of gender in todays society and st ates that male identity is in a condition where male insecurities about success, their appearance, and females have left most men in todays society in dire straights. Compounded by prevailing ultra-feminist ideals, society has become saturated by the men are jerks mentality. This condition can be seen in various aspects of society such as commercials, television programs, even greeting cards (Farrell, 186). While some may not agree with his opinions on the state of male identity, Farrell uses a number of rhetorical strategies and literary devices such as an objective point of view, an intellectual tone, and appeals to both logos and ethos in order to effectively convey belief that men are treated as success objects in todays society. In discussing the subject of male identity, especially as compared to female identity, Farrell is very careful to remain very objective throughout his rhetoric. Part of his balanced approach to proving his argument, is the use of an objective poin t of view. Farrells deliberate objectivity can be seen in aspects of his piece such as his word choice, free of denotative language, his lack of any first hand anecdotes, a removal of any indication of his gender (except his name), and a strict third person style throughout his piece. All of these characteristics combine to make his argument effective to a large demographic of people, unlike many pieces on gender identity, whose audience is usually limited to at most a spe... ...emotional appeal, Farrell improves his argument by making it objective, understandable, and relatable. Debates over gender are always difficult to win. Each side has its own experience and it is impossible for the other side to completely understand the others perspective. In William Farrells essay Men as Success Objects the subject of male identity is discussed as objectively as a person of either gender could do. Through the use of an objective point of view, an intellectual tone, and appeals to both logo s and ethos Farrells argument becomes both valid an effective. Through his use of rhetorical devices Farrell tells people what he knows and changes what they think.Works CitedFarrell, William. Men as Success Objects. Constructing Others Constructing Ourselves. Ed. Gruber, Sibylle et al. Dubuque, Iowa Kendall/Hunt Publishing. 2002. 185-88.

The Works of John Grisham Essay -- essays research papers

     John Grisham was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas on February 8, 1955. His parents were a construction worker and a homemaker. As a child, John Grisham envisage of one day becoming a professional baseball player. In 1967, his family moved to the town of Southaven, Mississippi. Ten years later he received an undergraduate degree in accounting from Mississippi State University. In 1981, he received a law degree from Ole Miss. That same year, he married Renee Jones. He also endureed a law practice in Southaven, where he practiced both criminal and civil law. Two years later, Grisham was elect to the Mississippi signal of Representatives where he served until 1990. During his seven year span, he one day oerheard the testimony of a 12 year old rape dupe and was elysian to start a refreshing exploring what would have happened if the father had murdered his daughters rapists. Grisham spent five years of getting up a 5 a.m. to close this novel, entitled A Time to K ill. Initially, the story was rejected by many publishers, but was bought by Wynwood Press and given a modest printing in 1988. Before A Time to Kill was published, Grisham had already begun work on The Firm, which was bought by Paramount Pictures for $600,000. The Firm spent 47 weeks on the New York generation bestseller list and was the popular novel of 1991. Grisham has continued to write one novel per year since A Time to Kill. Grisham now resides in Oxford, Mississippi and Charlottesville, Virginia.     John Grisham writes a very distinctive style of conundrum. Grisham started out as a lawyer, so he generally writes mysteries that pertain very much to law and government. This type of mystery is commonly cognise as the legal thriller. He gives you just enough information to keep you guessing, but not enough to give away the ending. Although, Grisham has create verbally one novel that has absolutely nothing to do with law, lawyers, or courtrooms. &nb sp   To date, John Grisham has written twelve novels. They are A Time to Kill, The Firm, The Pelican Brief, The Client, The Chamber, The Rainmaker, The Runaway Jury, The Partner, The Street Lawyer, The Testament, The Brethren, and A mixed House. on that point have also been several media adaptations to Grishams novels. They include- The Firm. Dir. Sydney Pollack. Paramount Pictures, 1993. Based... ... September 1952. The Cardinals were five games behind the Dodgers with two weeks to go, and the season looked hopeless. The cotton, however, was waist- high to my father, almost over my head, and he and my grandfather could be heard before supper whispering words that were seldom heard. It could be a "good crop." Thus begins a story inspired by flavour in rural Arkansas. The narrator is a farm boy named Luke Chandler, age seven, who lives in the cotton fields with his parents and grandparents in a teensy-weensy house thats never been painted. The Chandlers farm eighty acres that they rent, not own, and when the cotton is ready they hire a truckload of Mexicans and a family from the Ozarks to help harvest it. For six weeks they hoof cotton, battling the heat, the rain, the fatigue, and, sometimes, each other. As the weeks pass Luke sees and hears things no seven-year-old could possibly be prepared for, and finds himself keeping secrets that not only threaten the crop but will potpourri the lives of the Chandlers forever. A Painted House is a moving story of one boys journey from innocence to experience.- Oxford, Mississippi The Oxford American (2000)- New York Doubleday, 2001 The Works of John Grisham assay -- essays research papers     John Grisham was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas on February 8, 1955. His parents were a construction worker and a homemaker. As a child, John Grisham dreamed of one day becoming a professional baseball player. In 1967, his family moved to the town of Southaven, Mississipp i. Ten years later he received an undergraduate degree in accounting from Mississippi State University. In 1981, he received a law degree from Ole Miss. That same year, he married Renee Jones. He also started a law practice in Southaven, where he practiced both criminal and civil law. Two years later, Grisham was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives where he served until 1990. During his seven year span, he one day overheard the testimony of a 12 year old rape victim and was inspired to start a novel exploring what would have happened if the father had murdered his daughters rapists. Grisham spent five years of getting up a 5 a.m. to finish this novel, entitled A Time to Kill. Initially, the story was rejected by many publishers, but was bought by Wynwood Press and given a modest printing in 1988. Before A Time to Kill was published, Grisham had already begun work on The Firm, which was bought by Paramount Pictures for $600,000. The Firm spent 47 weeks on the New York Times bestseller list and was the best-selling novel of 1991. Grisham has continued to write one novel per year since A Time to Kill. Grisham now resides in Oxford, Mississippi and Charlottesville, Virginia.     John Grisham writes a very distinctive style of mystery. Grisham started out as a lawyer, so he generally writes mysteries that pertain very much to law and government. This type of mystery is commonly known as the legal thriller. He gives you just enough information to keep you guessing, but not enough to give away the ending. Although, Grisham has written one novel that has absolutely nothing to do with law, lawyers, or courtrooms.     To date, John Grisham has written twelve novels. They are A Time to Kill, The Firm, The Pelican Brief, The Client, The Chamber, The Rainmaker, The Runaway Jury, The Partner, The Street Lawyer, The Testament, The Brethren, and A Painted House. There have also been several media adaptations to Grishams novels. They include- The Firm. Dir. Sydney Pollack. Paramount Pictures, 1993. Based... ... September 1952. The Cardinals were five games behind the Dodgers with two weeks to go, and the season looked hopeless. The cotton, however, was waist- high to my father, almost over my head, and he and my grandfather could be heard before supper whispering words that were seldom heard. It could be a "good crop." Thus begins a story inspired by life in rural Arkansas. The narrator is a farm boy named Luke Chandler, age seven, who lives in the cotton fields with his parents and grandparents in a little house thats never been painted. The Chandlers farm eighty acres that they rent, not own, and when the cotton is ready they hire a truckload of Mexicans and a family from the Ozarks to help harvest it. For six weeks they pick cotton, battling the heat, the rain, the fatigue, and, sometimes, each other. As the weeks pass Luke sees and hears things no seven-year-old could possibly be prepar ed for, and finds himself keeping secrets that not only threaten the crop but will change the lives of the Chandlers forever. A Painted House is a moving story of one boys journey from innocence to experience.- Oxford, Mississippi The Oxford American (2000)- New York Doubleday, 2001

Shakespeares Macbeth - Villain, Tragic Hero, or Simply Ambitious ? Ess

Macbeth Villain, Tragic Hero, or Simply Ambitious ? The play MacBeth conforms to the definition of a tragedy A play in verse or in prose dealing with tragic events, usually ending in the downfall of the protagonist1. However, umteen sections of MacBeth do not describe a tragic hero, but barely a villain or a lord who is overly ambitious and pays the consequences for his actions. MacBeth is a tragedy that challenges the very foundations of that genre, set by Aristotle and Plato in the third blow B.C. These foundations had been part of the text Poetics, in which Aristotle listed the six requirements of dramatic tragedy, one of which is the inclusion of a tragic hero, a fundamental that has been followed by many tragedians including Sophocles, Aeschylus, ONeill and Shakespeare himself in his other tragedies. MacBeth however is different from these tragedies in that the protagonist is not clearly defined as a tragic hero, the reader may view glimpses of a hero in MacBeth but not in substantial amounts, so this is neither completely validated nor revoked by Shakespeare. In order to come to a conclusion the reader must take into consideration not only MacBeths intentions but those of the people around him as well, such as skirt MacBeth and the three Weird Sisters, both of whom can be deemed to have influenced his actions in some way. MacBeths downfall and ultimate fate begins with his decision to murder might Duncan. Yet, from what the reader has seen of MacBeth so far, this action seems highly out of character. He is initially portrayed a loyal warrior who has a wife and his own castle, and yet he still chooses to murder Duncan. The apparent reason for this is ambition, we are told this by Ma... ...d, not once was he forced into doing anything that was not desired by him. On many occasions, the reader is tempted to see MacBeth as a simple villain and yet his resolve to carry out what he had already started influences them to rethink their opinion on his status as a villain. This remarkable blend of a tragic hero, a villain and a man beset with sheer determination is one that allows MacBeth to stand out arguably as one of the finest morality plays ever written. 1. Concise Oxford dictionary Bibliography English 366 Studies in Shakespeare Introduction to Macbeth http//www.mala.bc.ca/johnstoi/eng366/index.htm Barnet, Sylvan. Shakespeares MacBeth, Signet Classic 1987 Shakespeares Macbeth, a Play for our Time http//www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/mac/intro.html Aristotle, Poetics http//planetpapers.com/poetics/1209.html

The Timeless Truth of Madame Bovary Essay -- Madame Bovary Essays

The Timeless Truth of Madame Bovary Written in 1857, Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary has become a literary classic. Emma Bovary is a middle class commonwealth girl with a taste for rich things she marries a doctor and has a little girl. Her husband, Charles, adores her and thinks that she elicit do no wrong. He overlooks the sign of her adultery, telling himself that her sorrow is caused from her poor health, and forgives her excessive spending. Madame Bovarys excessive desires seem to come from her excessive reading of novels in which life seemed, to her, perfect. She tried to find out what one meant exactly in life by the words felicity, passion, rapture, that had seemed to her so beautiful in books (45). Through Emma, Flaubert illustrates that not being satisfied with what one is given in life leads to a sorrow. Soon after Emma marries Charles, she finds that she is not satisfied with her new life, due to Charles lack of quixotics. Emma thinks to herself early on in the marr iage, A man, . . . should he not know everything, exceed in the manifolds activities, initiate you into the energies of passion, the refinements of life, all mysteries? But this one Charles taught nothing, knew nothing, wished nothing. He thought her Emma happy and she resented this calm, this serene heaviness, the very happiness she gave him (54). Her need for Charles to be more romantic and his ignorance of her feelings lead her to despise him. After a few years of their marriage, Emma has become so bored with her life that she has made herself sick from want. Her boredom is so groovy that she wishes she could talk to her servant, but a sense of shame restrained her (81). She held herself above everyone, therefore isolat... ...ath does Emma come to realize that the best things in life is family and the happiness that it undersurface provide. The selfishness that had ruled her life was nothing now all the things that were importune to before are now nothing. The things she had bought and the lovers she had been with are not with her now. Only Charles and her little girl, the ones she had tried to fell from are with her now. The simple truth portrayed in Madame Bovary still pertains to the present, selfishness will lead to a life of discontentment. The Flaubert illustration of the unhappiness that thinking only of oneself can bring to others can still be seen in the world today. This is why Madame Bovary has lasted through the years as a novel full of timeless truth. flora Cited Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovery. Translated by Marx-Aveling, Eleanor. Grolier Incorporated, New York. N.D.

NATO :: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO

NATOWe pick out already advanced the war on terrorism into Iraq, we have the ability to look back at it with additional knowledge. The expression, hindsight is 20/20, is also relevant. We have additional knowledge now that we did not have prior to pass on the war on terrorism into Iraq and that knowledge can easily influence our perspective.During the time prior to moving into Iraq, I think we, as a kingdom, reacted decisively to stop terrorists and their ability to train. After the events of Sept. 11 the movement into Afghanistan I do not think met with much resistance by the American human race. That same public opinion was different for the advance into Iraq.I think the previous action, namely the Gulf War, influenced that reaction as well.In the four major paradigms or schools of position on supranational relations, the realist school of thought believes politics is a power struggle among nation-states. Thomas Morgenthau is the father of realism. Realists have petite fait h in international law or international organizations. The globalist school of thought focuses on economic interdependence of the global arena. Political and economic decisions in one industrialized nation have consequences for all other nations as well as non-state actors. We believe President Bush acted on Iraq primarily using the realist school of thought. The realists have little faith in international law or international organizations. The situation in Iraq had been degrading for some time as Saddam Hussein was not adhering to the resolutions from the Gulf War. We tried to get the international community and NATO to back us and agree with our position. But this didnt happen. I believe President Bush lost combine in NATO and acted independently.Alternately, we acted with the globalist school of thought in regards to the war on terrorism.

NATO :: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO

NATOWe have already advanced the war on terrorism into Iraq, we have the ability to look plump for at it with additional knowledge. The expression, hindsight is 20/20, is also relevant. We have additional knowledge now that we did not have prior to advancing the war on terrorism into Iraq and that knowledge can well influence our perspective.During the time prior to moving into Iraq, I think we, as a nation, reacted resolutely to stop terrorists and their ability to train. After the events of Sept. 11 the movement into Afghanistan I do not think met with much resistance by the American public. That same public opinion was different for the advance into Iraq.I think the foregoing action, namely the Gulf War, influenced that reaction as well.In the four major paradigms or schools of thought on transnational relations, the realist school of thought believes politics is a power struggle among nation-states. Thomas Morgenthau is the father of realism. Realists have little faith in in ternational law or international organizations. The globalist school of thought focuses on economic interdependence of the global arena. Political and economic decisions in one industrialized nation have consequences for all other nations as well as non-state actors. We believe President Bush acted on Iraq primarily using the realist school of thought. The realists have little faith in international law or international organizations. The situation in Iraq had been degrading for some time as Saddam Hussein was not adhering to the resolutions from the Gulf War. We tried to get the international community and NATO to back us and agree with our position. But this didnt happen. I believe President Bush lost confidence in NATO and acted independently.Alternately, we acted with the globalist school of thought in regards to the war on terrorism.

A Skittle of Milk Essay

a skittle of milkThe metaphor, skittle of milk, is precise in effect(p). The inclusion of the detail of, milk, is particularly useful. The white colour of the milk reflects the faithfulness and truthful mind of the individuala. Highlighting that Duffy is in her y prohibitedh and is inexperienced. The comparison of milk bottles to skittles is also effective. It reminds us of games played at school highlighting how innocent the poet was. This shows how enjoyable school was for the persona which helps draw in the reader into the poem through these common experiences.OPINION Personally I olfactory perception that I could doctor to this as I am familiar with the primary school environment. I bump Duffys use of the metaphor quite compelling.The classroom glowed like a sweetshop.The parable, The classroom glowed like a sweetshop, is comparability the class, what would be for a chela , a colourful lay out to a sweetshop. This creates a very positive round the classroom. The word , glowed, creates a very warm, colourful and comfortable atmosphere. It reflects the enthusiasm and delight that appe argond on the childrens faces when they entered the room. They were thrilled and excited to be there. A sweetshop is usually the best place in the world to a child, and being there would create an excitement amongst friends. This emphasises how much the children spotd being there and how magnificent this classroom was.OPNION Reading this simile aroused my senses fully and let my mind remember how amazing sweet shops very were as a child, therefore developing my understanding of how much the girlish Carol Ann Duffy enjoyed her classroom. This is a really keen way of connecting with the reader.Brady and Hindley faded, like the faint, uneasy smudge of a mistake.The simile, Brady and Hindley faded, like the faint, uneasy smudge of a mistake, is very effective. The child murderers Brady and Hindley were horrifying and faded when they were alive. During Duffys childho od each single child would have been petrified of them. Their presence would have been mat due to the extensive media coverage of their crimes at the time. By saying, faded like the faint, uneasy smudge of a mistake, Duffy is suggesting the children were able to put them to the back of their minds when in the classroom. This emphasises the nurturing environment, Mrs Tilscher loved you, and the security felt in the class. This lets us know the teacher was a very protective and caring person, making the children feel no need to be insecure or afraid.OPINION This is a very clear demonstration of the comforting environment many people experience in primary school. Its also a very clever way of highlighting how much certainty the persona has that the teacher loves her, she feels welcome and important.Laugh of a bellThe personification of the bell emphasises the positive experience the bank clerk has of school. The words, running child, demonstrate the sense of freedom and amusement c hildren felt in primary school. It suggests keenness and eagerness of school emphasising the positive experience. The word, laugh, also highlights the merriment the children felt demonstrating the positive and cheerful atmosphere of the poem. However, the bell may also be a clever symbol that change awaits the poet and starts to include the sense of the poem at bottom the poem. But, be aim the bell is being swung by a child it contrasts the bell which signifies lunch or break demonstrating the sense of freedom and joyous mood of the poem.OPINION I feel that through this use of personification Duffy really sets the positive atmosphere of the poem and sucks in the reader through thearousal of our senses. neutral tadpoles changed from commas into exclamation marks.The metaphor, inky tadpoles changed from commas into exclamation marks, is very effective in getting the reader aware of the passage of time. The function of the exclamation mark is to highlight alarm and show that somethin g unfamiliar is about to change. Of course Duffy here is referring to puberty and the beginning of adolescence. The word, inky, also reminds me of ink sanitarys at school and how they spread across your page. This links to the unknown boundaries Duffy is about to experience. When tadpoles develop into frogs they is no resemblance between them. This joins to Duffy changing physically and shows signs of loss of innocence.OPINION Duffys use of this metaphor has dramatic impress and allows the reader to relate to it as it is a part of life that everyone experiences.MEDUSAgrey bags of my lungsThe metaphor, grey bags of my lungs, is comparing the colour grey to the condition of her lungs. The word grey suggests something rotten, decayed, dirty and something that has a repulseing appearance. Next the word bags makes me think of something pathetic, deflated and something that is useless. This is effective in describing the conditions of medusas lungs they are not very healthy, they a rent functioning decently and are wasting away. This is because of her depression and how she is wasting away.OPINION Personally I think Carol Ann Duffys use of the metaphor is very effective in conveying the state of her internally. It also arouses my sympathy towards medusa it must be difficult dealing with her depression.bullet bust in my eyesThe metaphor, bullet tears in my eyes, is comparing the power of her look to a bullet. The word, bullet, conveys something dangerous and harmful. Gives the sense that something is deadly. Next the word, tears, is reflecting Medusas emotions and suggests that she is vulnerable. But Medusa has no weakness as her tears (eyes) are deadly hence they are being compared to a, bullet. This reflects the power of Medusas eyes they are a deadly weapon and female genital organ kill at the sight of them. It also allows me to connect with the poem as I in addition know what being upset feels like, its an ordinary humanity emotion.OPINION In my opi nion I think Carol Ann Duffy is very clever in revealing the circumstance that even though Medusa is instant(a) she isnt vulnerable. It links back to the condition of her, although she is depressed and heartbroken inside she isnt weak or unable to defend herself. Hellenic GodThe metaphor, Greek God, is comparing the man she is deeply in love with to a Greek God. The phrase, Greek God, suggests the man she adores is perfect and is an A takeise, thus making him the most attractive and pretty man in all the land. It also makes him seem very powerful and heroic. He is an admirable figure to all the other men and people should plan to be like him. The word, perfect, is also placed before the metaphor suggesting that Medusas lover has no flaw at all. However this is a contradiction in terms to what she feels now.Since Medusa believed this man was, perfect, and was a man she felt strongly in love with, she finds it difficult to accept he isnt actually perfect. As for him betraying her and passing game against her, she has started to realise the harm he has clearly caused her. Clearly this demonstrates how in love Medusa felt with this man which makes it easier to understand why she is in pain and feels aggrieve over what has happened.OPINION Personally, I think this is effective as it is easy to relate to. Everyone has that feeling, that someone special is perfect and like no other person in the world. But, in the end you are heartbroken when you find out its not true.shield for a heartThe metaphor, shield for a heart, is comparing the ability of the man to express his emotion to a weapon of defence. Using the word, shield, suggests that the man is very protective and isnt capable of feeling the emotion of love. The fact he isnt capable of this makes him quite arrogant. He is able just to go form girl to girl and not feel any sorrowfulness or pain about leaving them. This cooking stove could also express that the man she is in love with isnt open to feeling in love or is able to show it. He cant open up and convey his emotions to others because he is so defensive. As well as this the image could also portray that her lover is very powerful and fearless because of his shield for a heart. Highlighting he is a very frigidness man and incapable of experiencing the feeling of real love.OPINION I feel that this man is totally wrong. How could someone feel no love towards or very little love towards others? Its disappointing that Medusa felt so strongly towards this man yet he cant return any feelings. brand for a tongueThis metaphor, sword for a tongue, is comparing a weapon capable of killing someone to the strength and power of her lovers words. They are able to hurt someone and cause great harm like the power of a sword. It demonstrates the harshness and sharpness of his words like the sharp mark of a sword. It also once again reflects how arrogant he is because he doesnt realise how hurtful his words are to the woman who admires him in every way.OPINION Duffy expresses this mans arrogance very well. It makes me see how untamed and hurtful this man really is and personally Medusa has the right to feel that heartbroken and distraught at whats happened to her.Fire spewed from the mouth of a mountainThe personification of, Fire spewed form the mouth of a mountain, is a veryeffective image. This is showing the extent of Medusas power as she was able to turn a dragon into a volcano. This is creating a very violent image which is reflecting the aggressiveness of Medusas acts on innocent creatures. Carol Ann Duffy, also uses the word spewed to highlight Medusa is so hurt and angered by what has happened to her. It creates a feeling of disgust within the reader. It also dramitifies everything that has happened to Medusa and once agai9n conveys her feeling of fury.OPINION I feel sympathy towards Medusa at this point. She has been betrayed by the man she adored and was deeply in love with which has caused her to go on a killing spree of killing innocent creatures.STEALINGHe looked magnificent a tall, white slow beneath the winter moon.Within stanza one there is a constant repetition of the letter m. This alliteration is a soft sound and creates an eerie atmosphere within the poem. It also creates an eerie feeling within the reader. This quiet sounding alliteration coupled with the single word sentence, Midnight, has a dramatic impact and sets a ghostly and frightening scene. The word choice of, Midnight, also emphasises the setting was late, and dark and was potentially a threatening time to be wondering around alone. This is an excellent way of setting the sinister tone of the stanza leading up to the first unusual theft.OPINION I thought this was a very effective way of setting the atmosphere of the poem. It aroused suspense within me, I felt as though a chill pumped round my eubstance and I was eager to read on.A fierce chill bang-up my gut.In the second stanza Duffy makes clever use of the metaphor, a fierce chill piercing my gut. This is emphasising the cold and angry nature of the character. The words, Fierce, and, Piercing, both convey an inner painwithin the persona because of this violent language. Also continuing the threatening atmosphere that was created in the previous stanza. This suggests the boy is quite an aggressive person and this idea is confirmed later on in the poem. This aggression could possibly be a defensive consequence of the emotional pain he suffers inside.The character then goes onto say, Lifes tough. This is a very blunt statement which has a harshness cigarette it. He feels as though he is teaching others a lesson from his experiences. This conveys he may have had a tough, difficult and rough upbringing making him feel like an outcast from society. Again, the harsh tone comes across from this statement showing he had no sympathy or pity toward the people he was hurting. Emphasising how cruel and callous this person really is.OPINON I found this metaphor to be particularly effective in revealing more about the persona in the poem. In a way it arouses sympathy towards the character because of the rough childhood he has probably experienced. However it doesnt give him the right to harm others and cause them pain.a mind as cold as the man of ice within my own brain.The simile, a mind as cold as the opus of ice within my own brain, conveys a person who is very numb to emotion and cold-hearted. It reveals that that the boy likes to think of himself as being unemotional and heatless. The internal rhyme, slice of ice, starts to introduce painful images of the poem which expresses the anger and hate the character has inside him. At this point the snowman also seems to be a symbol for the cold and devastation of the personas situation. The previous use of the word, mate, shows he craves for a companion with an ice-cold mind, which is unusual as friendship is usually associated with warmth. The boy is admitting that his brain is too full of ice that he cannot appreciate true friendship and that he is twisted inside revealing a lack of compassion.OPINION Personally I think Duffy has really demonstrated how sometimes people do feel when they have had a tough life and feel alienated within society. It really allows me to imagine the twisted emotion and thrill tohurt that goes on within this boy.mucky ghostThe metaphor, mucky ghost, is very effective in expressing the personas isolation. The word, ghost, is very important. It creates a malevolent image emphasising the boy feels alienated. He is an invisible person who can meander through peoples homes leaving no traces. It feels as though he isnt important and because he is an outcast he has to steal to prove his part in society. Ghosts are also things that are non-existent revealing that the persona might not even see himself as an ordinary person.This idea is confirmed at the end of the poem when he says, You dont even understand a word im saying, do you? Reflecting that the boy feels like no-one can understand him, he is one of a kind and provide always be an outcast. By mentioning ghost this re-establishes the ominous and frightening atmosphere shown in stanza one. Symbolising the isolation this character feels and the chilling setting of the poem.OPINION I found the poets comparison very effective. The constant use of colours (white and blue) really vivifies the bitterness of the character and his heartless nature.My breath ripped out in rags.The metaphor, my breath ripped out in rags, is an aggressive image and reflects the cruelness and callousness of the persona. The word, ripped, highlights the violent language of the poem and has a dramatic impact on the reader making them feel the pain and chill inside the character. The alliteration and sibilance of the letter s again emphasises the harsh and callous nature of the boy. The line is also separated by enablement. This mimics his jerky, flustered, breathe pattern as he goes about the destruction of the snowman. The word, rags, is something withy no value. This echoes both the worthlessness of the persona and the worthlessness of the acts he is committing. He then says, tramp of the world. This for me arouses sympathy as it is almost a cry for help and that he wants a betterlife. He cant cope anymore with the isolation and this be the real reason behind the pointless thefts ands the anger within him.OPINION I did feel empathy for the boy at this point in the poem as unless you know what being alienated feels like you cant understand how much internal pain it causes you. On the other hand taking it out on others is not fair and this creates dislike within me for the persona.

Police History

Teresa Kohl Ever wondered where policing came from? In this paper we ar going to explore the history of policing and how it developed in the States from the beginning. At the same time we are going to explore the deferent policing styles used In the States through out history. After we will past look at the role of truth In modern times In America. Historical Develop handst of Policing and Styles Most know that America adopted its first policing styles from Great Britain, engendering our ancestors all came from their before colonizing all oer here.When the first Europeans landed on the shores they had to nourish themselves and others from the people that did not want them here. All men and qualified corporal young boys were in boot of policing up the res publica. Once everything settled down and everything started to get more situated Into more organized towns. The Justice of the Peace was created to protect the colonies and keep order. Criminals were usually put in stocks in the middle of town to pay their sentence to hostelry. Eventually towns were growing to much and turning into cities where Justice of the peace of mind would Just not work anymore. In 1636 the city of Boston constituted Night Watch, which idea worked reasonably well as long as the area remained a rural and agrarian unrivalled (Sabbath, n. D. ). You could say that the night watch was a communal and Informal way of policing, Volunteers were In charge of walking the streets and notice for fires or any crimes being committed. When a fire or crime was committed the night watchmen would shout out odd to where the topical anesthetics would wake up and hopefully take care of the problem.Since the night watch was intimatelyly do of volunteers it usually would score men that sleep or drink while on watch, which would obviously make it to where it would not work. The cities would alike use night watch as a punishment for people trying to avoid the military or as a sentence for a crime. Not until 1833 was a day watch implemented which carried out the same tasks as the night watch chuck out Augmenting the watch schema was a system of constables, official honor enforcement officers, usually p attention by the fee system for warrants they served.Constables had a variety of non-law enforcement functions to perform as well, including serving as land surveyors and confirm the accuracy of weights and measures. In many cities constables were given the responsibility of supervising the satellites of the night force (Potter, 2013). These first law of nature forces were made up of full time employees quite a than volunteers or people voluntary to watch the streets. By having a set police force cities were then able to set up rules and enforce them.Each established police force was also able to establish and implement its own standard operating systems rather than assume everyone do their own thing. The departments also had to declaration to higher government a gencies rather than Just them selves. Police in Modern Society Police today have a lot more responsibilities than most people realize. Police are not only in charge of keeping order and serving and defend the people. They are now in charge of protecting against terrorism, and extremists.Police HistoryHistory of Police John C. Dale CJA214 10-06-2012 James Ward History of Police If one were to ask, anybody in todays society there would be an overwhelming consensus that police are necessary and a very precious to keeping individuals and property safe from the criminal element. The earliest cognize police forces were in ancient China. The persons assigned to this duty were cognize as prefects and carried out their duty from 771-476 B. C The prefecture system developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the spring and Autumn period.In Jin, dozens of prefects were dispersed and traveled across the state, with each individual having limited authority and employment period. There were different levels of prefects with different levels of authority. In ancient China, prefects worked for the government as officials constitute by local judges. The judges who appointed prefects reported to higher authorities such as governors, the emperor of the dynasty then appointed the governors. The prefects oversaw the civil administration of their prefecture, or jurisdiction.Another earliest form of police forces were in the Roman Empires military. In most of the Empire, the Army, rather than a employ police organization, provided security. Local watchmen were hired by cities to provide some extra security around 63 B. C. -1480 A. D.. Local judges known as procurators monetary and quaestors were called in to investigate crimes. The Emperor Augustus created 14 wards the wards were protected by seven squads of 1,000 men called vigiles, whose main duty was to act as firemen and night watchmen. Other duties were grasp thieves, robbers and runaway slaves (http//en. ikipedia. or g/wiki/Police). The first formal police agency has English roots and was started in Britain around 1200. From this earliest known formal police agency a term known as comes stabuli derived the first constable and sheriff. It was the constables job to hold a particular office, most commonly in the law enforcement division. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions, with each jurisdiction giving a different rank and limitation of power. A constable is commonly the rank of an officer within the police.Within this new formal police agency the roles of bailiff, a person who watches over the prisoners, and watchmen, a person who watches over and protects property, assets, or people were established. The Statute of Winchester in 1285 brought about the British codification of police practices this helped greatly to form a unified police society. In the 1736 a high tax on Gin was enacted which led to extreme rioting in the streets known today as the Gin Riots. Due to this extreme shout from the public the 18th and 19th century saw the modern police forces as we most commonly recognize them today created.In 1829, Sir Robert Peel formed what is known as Londons new police, the worlds first modern police. Bobbies were metropolitan police members and the belief of this agency was to admonish crimes, and preventative patrolling of the streets specifically looking for crimes that were in the act or getting criminals off the street. These new police were known to walk a beat a specific area under their watch that they were in charge of maintaining order and reducing crimes through prevention.Under Sir Robert Peel, the first total uniformed police forces were established appetency highly resembled a military organization. As the immigrates transitioned over to America, this type of patrolling was adopted thus leading us to the colonial period of policing. In colonial America during the 1630s early colonists followed the English style of poli cing. Watch and Ward systems were established that required the duties of everyone who wanted to act as a law enforcer barely offered no pay or training.Everyone looked out for each other and monitored the behaviors of others. The focus of the watches and wards was more centered around moral and civil obligations, not criminal. In colonial America when a rich person did not want to do their fair share of the duties, they would simply pay someone to do it for them. Philadelphia was the first big(a) city to pay offers starting in 1658, the officers of each city were expected to solve their own crimes, and the Federal Bureau of Investigations was a long time away.In boundary America, the new lawmen had left their cultures behind and had to deal with new and unusual cultures in the West, including unknown and inhospitable Indian territories. U. S. Marshals enforced federal law only. These men had no training or pay and they were strictly volunteer. Due to the new cultures, the inhospi table landscapes and Indian tribes these volunteer marshals faced many adversities. During the gold shiver of the 1840s the earliest mining camps were extremely dangerous places, order and law was needed to the Vigilante Committee became the first organized justice system in these towns.Police in contemporary society are known as COPPS (community oriented policing and problem solving). These men and women are primarily employed to reduce crime secondly, the other goal of COPPS is to identify community needs such as individuals in distress etc. Talking to citizens on the streets and participating in programs such as D. A. R. E (drug abuse resistance and education). With modern day law enforcement being regulated by two different entities, the U. S. Federal government and the local or state agencies there can be a conflict of interests.The main duties of the local and state police forces are to respond to calls, provide backup, help local and federal detectives to secure a crime scen e, aid individuals who are in distress and are expected to be the first responders. The role of the government law enforcement is to oversee the larger picture of securing the nation as a whole. This includes the Federal Bureau of Investigation who investigate broad national crimes and will come to the aid of major cases involving local state authorities.This relationship affects modern police practices by helping to share information between two agencies that can learn valuable aspects of policing from each other. Conflict may arise by some of the different practices being rejected by a particular law enforcement force save in my opinion, the role between the two entities is more beneficial than detrimental and helps us to live in a modern society that has effective police forces. References 1. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police Reference Wikipedia. (2012). Police. Retrieved from http//http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/PolicePolice HistoryTeresa Kohl Ever wondered where policing cam e from? In this paper we are going to explore the history of policing and how it developed in America from the beginning. At the same time we are going to explore the deferent policing styles used In America through out history. After we will then look at the role of police In modern times In America. Historical Development of Policing and Styles Most know that America adopted its original policing styles from Great Britain, engendering our ancestors all came from their before colonizing over here.When the first Europeans landed on the shores they had to protect themselves and others from the people that did not want them here. All men and able bodied young boys were in charge of policing up the area. Once everything settled down and everything started to get more situated Into more organized towns. The Justice of the Peace was created to protect the colonies and keep order. Criminals were usually put in stocks in the middle of town to pay their sentence to society. Eventually towns were growing to much and turning into cities where Justice of the peace would Just not work anymore. In 1636 the city of Boston established Night Watch, which idea worked reasonably well as long as the area remained a rural and agrarian one (Sabbath, n. D. ). You could say that the night watch was a communal and Informal way of policing, Volunteers were In charge of walking the streets and watching for fires or any crimes being committed. When a fire or crime was committed the night watchmen would shout out odd to where the locals would wake up and hopefully take care of the problem.Since the night watch was mostly made of volunteers it usually would have men that sleep or drink while on watch, which would obviously make it to where it would not work. The cities would also use night watch as a punishment for people trying to avoid the military or as a sentence for a crime. Not until 1833 was a day watch implemented which carried out the same tasks as the night watch except Augmenti ng the watch system was a system of constables, official law enforcement officers, usually paid by the fee system for warrants they served.Constables had a variety of non-law enforcement functions to perform as well, including serving as land surveyors and verifying the accuracy of weights and measures. In many cities constables were given the responsibility of supervising the satellites of the night force (Potter, 2013). These first police forces were made up of full time employees rather than volunteers or people voluntary to watch the streets. By having a set police force cities were then able to set up rules and enforce them.Each established police force was also able to establish and implement its own standard operating systems rather than have everyone do their own thing. The departments also had to answer to higher government agencies rather than Just them selves. Police in Modern Society Police today have a lot more responsibilities than most people realize. Police are not only in charge of keeping order and serving and protecting the people. They are now in charge of protecting against terrorism, and extremists.

Succubus on Top CHAPTER 11

When I went inside to relay this to Bastien a few minutes later, he took Danas presence on the proposed shop trip much wagerer than I had.Thats fantastic More time for So help me, if you say reconnaissance, Im going to smack you. Im only in this for the c circlehes.Fair enough. But this is a golden opportunity, and you know it. You butt end feel her out. Put in a good word for me, peradventure. Something. Anything. I need this. But, he added, dont do it at the cost of beingdetrimental.Give me virtually credit here, all right? I understand the situations gravity. Ill help you.His roguish smile well-lighted up his face, or rather, Mitchs face, which was kind of weird. While youre at it, maybe you can brush up on your female bonding.Whats that supposed to mean?Do a count of all your closest friends approximatelyday. I dont pretend you the bids of female competition.I do a face at him just as Jody and Dana showed up. They took me to some astonishing shopping nexus a couple of m iles away. I couldnt believe that much retail space could be crammed indoors. We had a few enclosed shopping centers in Seattle, but nonhing exchangeable this.Browsing stores with Dana was just about as horrible as I could have imagined. She eyed scantily dressed teenagers squint and spoke to a black saleswoman like an underling. Still, despite my distaste, I remembered my duty and attempted friendliness. Over and over, I tried to bolster Bastiens reputation.Hes so into what your groups doing. Hed like to get more involved. Maybe you could come talk to him about it sometime.Fortunately for Mitch, these comments did elicit a warm response from her. Yes, shed be happy to give Mitch some one-on-one time. Anything for the cause. How nice that he cared. Truly, he was a smart and compassionate man. Blah, blah, blah. She evermore enjoyed spending time with him.Yet, despite this fleeting progress, her demeanor remained stiff, and her attention always shifted choke off to me. She pepp ered me with all sorts of questions, as if she were specifically probing for some key piece of information. She penuryed to know what I did for a living. How close Bastien and I were. Where my human relationship with Seth was going. What my take on the CPFV was. What my values race, sexual orientation, etc. were. I felt like I was being grilled, but she pushed on in that saccharine voice of hers. Despite her aloofness, she always managed to sound friendly and nonthreatening. I could see why she so enthralled her fans.This isnt just curiosity, I realized. She doesnt trust me. Dana k sunrise(prenominal) something was going on with Bastien and me, and now she was pass judgmenting to figure it out. That was probably why he wasnt really getting whateverwhere she was on to him. True, she probably didnt suspect a covert excogitate featuring an incubus, but Im sure she had her piece of land of more mundane enemies. She was on guard for such things, hence her skepticism about our co ver stories. Bastien had no persuasion what hed gotten us into.So, I worked hard to maintain our innocence, answering her queries as best I could. My usual charm still wasnt working on her here, but I performed better than in previous encounters except for the questions about Seth. The reality with him was weird enough without having to live a nonher version of it via Tabitha Hunter, and I found myself stuttering and blushing when she brought him up.When Dana left us at the Christian Dior counter of Nordstrom to go face up for slips, I nearly sagged in relief.What about this one? Jody held out a tester of pale criticise lip gloss that would look great on Tabitha, less so on Georgina.I opened it and studied the color. Too light. Besides, itd probably come forth with one sip of something.She gave me a mischievous grin. Or in other activities.I rewarded her with a look of mock astonishment. It wasnt hard to do she was full of surprises, it seemed. summercater ones. Why, Jody. Her e I thought you were a respectable married woman.Are you kidding? Marriage only makes you less respectable. Gives you a lot of time to invent new things.Grinning back, I swapped the pink lip gloss for a red one. Better not let Dana hear you talking like that. I got the triad degree about my boyfriend, as it is.Jodys mirth dimmed a bit, though she held her smile. It may feel like the third degree, but shes just curious about you, thats all.Yeah, I guess. No other reason, I suppose. Best not to mention my theory that Dana suspected Bastien and me of duplicity.To my surprise, Jody looked back cut out at the eye shadow display, pointedly avoiding my eyes. I was reminded of that day in the yard when Id had the sense she wanted to tell me something about Dana. Something bad.Jody, I murmured, cau rotarying down the lip gloss, what is it? Whats wrong?She shook her head. Nothing. stymie about it.Dana returned just indeed, and the moment was gone.They dont have what I need. Lets check Vi ctorias Secret.I perked up. That was the best thing Id heard ail day, aside from another possible appreciation from Jody. We entered what had to be one of my top five favorite stores. We split up, Jody going to pajamas and Dana looking for some slip that would undoubtedly match that god-awful underwear of hers.As for me, I promptly sought outrisquelingerie sets once Id ascertained the other two women were occupied. No way was I having a repeat of the swimsuit incident. Unfortunately, the store had a more outstanding selection than usual, and what Id intended to be a mere browse turned into a full-fledged mission when I found a few sets I simply had to try on.Dana and Jody were still deeply engrossed with their own wares, so I inconspicuously slipped into the dressing- room line, hoping to be in and out to begin with either of them could investigate what sweet, innocent Tabitha was into. I had just made it to the head of the line when both of them squeezed in next to me.What a cro wd, Jody give tongue to. Mind if we just share your room? Theyre huge here.I felt the blood drain from my face as I tried to think up some reason to decline. An idea for a contagious, flesh-eating disease was forming in my mind when the sales associate ushered us into a room that was indeed more than big enough to crack the three of us.Dana only had two skirt slips to try on, and she pulled off her slacks with unconcerned efficiency. I winced upon seeing the granny panties again. Meanwhile, Jody tried on a set of cute flannel pajamas.When I made no moves of any kind, Dana asked me if I was all right. Swallowing, I slowly began removing my clothing. She watched with narrowed eyes. The first bra and panty set I tried on was made of ivory lace decorated with black bows. The second consisted of deep magenta satin and was cut so racily it was however a few scraps of fabric. When I got to the third one sheer black mesh decorated with embroidered pink flowers I wanted to die.Jody and Dana had finished and were waiting for me. Jodys face was pleasant and casual. Dana maintained a look of neutrality, but still radiated disapproval. Great. I could feel myself blushing furiously. Bastien would kill me if he found out Id not only damaged the wholesome image, Id completely destroyed it.While Dana stayed stone-faced, Jody cocked her head at me curiously. I think you have the wrong bra size, Tabitha. They all look too big.Of course they were too big. Tabitha Hunter didnt wear a 34C. Georgina Kincaid did. Id intended to shape-shift to my preferred body when I was alone in here.Oh, I verbalize stupidly, imprint like the whore Dana thought I was. Make that a dumb whore. Well. I lost some weight recently.I tried on the delay one red with glittering silver flowers and even in the wrong size, it was stunning.That looks great, Jody said, echoing my thoughts. I wish I was brave enough to wear something like that.Dana studied me thoroughly. That bra offers no support whats oever. It has no purpose.She doesnt need the support. Besides, thats the point. It doesnt have to be functional. She just wants to be pretty.Pretty for who? And why? She isnt married.So what? Its none of our business.Dana glared daggers at the other woman. None of our business? Humanity is our business. She must have read Dickens recently.Icy silence filled our little room. I felt invisible, disregarding of the fact that I was half naked. Hey guys? Maybe we should go. Ill just take this off.No, said Jody sternly, eyes locked with Danas in a battle of wills. Its beautiful, Tabitha. You have nothing to be shamefaced of.She is beautiful, concurred Dana smoothly, but that outfit would be better suited to a married woman. Her tone suggested that even that was questionable.I was on the verge of just leaving the room as is, but seeing Jody defy Dana like that kindled something warm and fuzzy inside of me. Bastien would kill me, but I couldnt keep myself from joining the fight.You know, I remarked to Dana, making sure she noticed my blatant examination of my backside, if thats the case, then maybe you should try this one on. Its just your color. Kind of Christmasy too. Id love to see it on you. And I bet Bill would really dig it. Dana just stared at me, biting her lip again as she held my challenging gaze. She looked like she might snap back but instead simply pursed those lips together in a hard, straight line. Without another word, she left the dressing room, door banging loudly behind her.Jody stood in that location uncertainly for a moment. It looks great, she reiterated before following Dana out. By myself, I decided I might as well use the alone time to shape-shift and try on the lingerie in the body theyd been intended for. As expected, they looked pretty hot, so I bought them all. I figured I deserved to salvage something from this disaster.So howd it go? asked Bastien when Jody and Dana dropped me off at his place later on.Fine, I said, having already stuf fed the illicit purchases in my car, lest they raise questions from him. Just fine. Wellsort of.I told him about Danas interrogation and my theory that she might suspect us of something insidious, even if it wasnt what we actually planned. His face grew grimmer and grimmer as I spoke, and I knew he thought I had a point. When I finished, I leaned my head against his shoulder, hating to see him so miserable.Hey, dont worry. Well get through this. I mean, look on the bright side Dana and I did a lot of bonding today. I think we had a realbreakthrough.I knew doubts still plagued him, but he had cheered up by the time we no longer as Mitch and Tabitha arrived back in Seattle later that day. We overchargeed up Seth on the way to Peters apartment, promptly ensuring that neither man spoke to me for the rest of the car ride.Once again, Jerome chose not to grace us with his presence, but everyone else had turned out for more good food and poker Peter, Cody, Hugh, and Carter. Carter seemed quietly intrigued by Seths presence while the others greeted him like a long-lost brother. Considering how often he came up in conversation among us, I think the other immortals regarded him as one of our inner circle already.He stuck close to me for almost of the night, but turned out to be a pretty damned good poker player. I think his quiet, placid nature fooled others into forgetting he was there. Amusingly, he seemed pretty pleased about his winnings too, albeit in a mild, Seth sort of way. It made me happy to see this side of him, happier still to know he was enjoying himself with my friends.I didnt really know what side of me he saw that night. My friends sure didnt pull any punches when it came to teasing me about my various idiosyncrasies, and Bastien seemed to think it was Memory lane Night. He kept telling all sorts of stones from my past, trying to lure me into inside jokes no one else knew about. I stayed away from that path as much as possible without offending him. My priority was still making things work with Seth, and as I held his hand all night and only gave polite smiles to Bastien, I think it became clear to the incubus where my loyalties lay. He didnt seem too thrilled.Halfway through the game, I received a joint call from Mei and Grace.Hello, Georgina, said Grace.Its us, said Mei.Did you find out anything?No matches, Mei told me.Oh. So much for that avenue.But that may not mean much, said Grace. We always miss some.And it doesnt really matter, said Mei. Theyre not a problem if they dont meddle in our affairs.And most dont? I had run into countless immortals over the years, from all sorts of cultures and powers, but I had not nonrecreational much attention to how they operated with each other in a political sense. I had always been content to worry about my job and my job alone, just in the knowledge that the authorities I answered to wielded enough power to deal with anyone else.Most dont, the demonesses agreed in unison.The poker p layers regarded me curiously when I hung up.Who was that? asked Peter.Grace and Mei.Hugh made a face. Ack. The crazy-bitch-dyke twins.Hey, thats uncalled for. Theyve been very helpful.Yeah? Well, just wait, he warned. Next thing you know, theyll be wanting to cut your hair and dress you in black too. Cody smiled at my outrage. Why do I get the feeling theres another illicit Georgina investigation afoot?Its not so illicit.Illicit enough, remarked Bastien with a yawn. You and your mortals.He pocketed the gold he had left, downed his bourbon, and thanked Peter again for another fabulous evening.Leaving so presently? I asked.Off to find fairer company. No offense to you, Fleur .He leaned down to me and brushed a kiss over my lips that lingered a breath too long for friendship. Good night.His departure spurred a new round of the Bastien Fan union as they all speculated what sexual escapade he was about to embark on now.How does he do it? asked Peter.I wish I was that good, added Cody. Hey, I complained, pursue women isnt any harder than men. Sometimes its easier. That guys amazing. Hugh acted like I hadnt even spoken. Going after a new one tonight when hes still sporting a insolence that cant even be a day old. I wish I got lucky that often.Seth didnt like to speak much with this group or any group for that matter but like my other friends, he was in awe of the incubus. Hughs comment especially piqued his interest.What do you mean by glow? same an afterglow?Hugh grinned at him. Sort ofyou must know what Im talking about. The post-sex thing? The glamour?Whose deal is it? I asked sharply, not liking the conversations new direction.Seth turned thoughtful. Well, then it is like an afterglow. I mean, everyone sort of has something like that after sex.Yes, but its antithetical for an incubus or a succubus, explained Peter professorially. Unless I was mistaken, he was starting to pick up a British accent. Too much exposure to Bastien. In their case, its more of a literal glow to other immortals at least. When theyve had sex, they take that persons life. spirit force is alluring. To an immortal, a just-laid incubus or succubus will almost Glitter, suggested Cody. Or sparkle. And yetnot. Its kind of hard to explain. Hasnt Georgina told you all this?Not this, said Seth. So Ier, mortals dont see it?Are we playing or not? I asked impatiently, raising my voice. Carter caught my eye.Not like we do, continued Peter. But they you feel it. Or maybe sense is a better word. It pulls you in. Its very attractive. I sunk lower into my seat, trying to decide if anyone would notice if I suddenly turned invisible. I might as well have been since no one was listening to my protests anyway.You must have noticed it, pointed out Hugh, taking a swig of whiskey. There must be days when you see Georgina and practically cant control yourself because of how hot she is. You can only stare. Of course, its probably hard to tell the difference since shes always so h ot, huh?Everyone except Carter, Seth, and I laughed. I knew the imp had meant that last part as a compliment, but I wanted to throw my gimlet glass at him nonetheless. The hilarity soon died down, and we returned to cards. But the damage was done. Seth and I hardly spoke for the rest of the night, not that anyone save Carter, I suspected even noticed.When Seth and I left, I knew something bad was coming. I dropped him off at his place, and he invited me inside to eat Rocky Road ice work out. He was a big ice cream fan. I should have just turned around and left, but Rocky Road has supernatural powers. Plus, I remembered what Seth and I had discussed after the recent make-out session in bed how we had to communicate about issues, rather than ignore them. I still believed that to be true, but theory and practice were two completely different things.He made up two bowls for us, and we ate the ice cream in silence for a while. When he finished, Seth played with his spoon, not lookin g at me.So, he asked, is it true?Is what true? Like I didnt know.Come on, dont make me spell it out, he said gently. I just want to hear your version, thats all.I opened my mouth to speak, to find some way to neutralize all this, but my tongue felt thick and useless. No unyielding words formed.Is it true? repeated Seth. When I still didnt answer, he continued, When I see you sometimeswhen I see you like that one night and can barely even breathe because you are so beautifulso beautiful that I can do nothing but act like an idiot, does that mean that youve justslept with someone? But, of course, I dont actually mean, um, sleepDamn, this communication thing really did suck.

The Issue of Student Preparedness

The article titled Teaching Responsibility deals with the issue of student prep bedness after high school. The article brings up the recent content of Jonathan Govias who is suing his private high school stating that the school did not prepare him for university. The article goes on to give two examples, one in Virginia and one in Ontario of how these types of difficultys are being dealt with. The editor agrees s that the school system should be held more responsible for(p) for its graduates, but makes it clear that lawyers only complicate matters.I believe that Jonathan Govias berth should be heard in a court of law due to the fact that schools have a certain responsibility and if it is not met then something films to be done ab go forth it. I am in total disagreement with the Ontarios school jut out to select rid of this problem and am a total fan of the Virginia pilot project, because unlike the Ontario plan they are actually looking to support the students and not their own pockets.After dropping out of his first year engineering program at the university of Alberta, Jonathan Govias decided to sue his alma mater for a total of $140,000 claiming that the school failed to fully prepare him for what university had in retentiveness for him. Jonathan attended a private school, and as we all know private schools charge a large amount of money in order to issue a better education for its students. That is why parents enroll their children in private schools. Jonathan after graduating got accepted in the engineering program, which is a hard program to get into since a high average is necessary.Private education costs money, therefore making it a melodic line that provides services and like any other business should be held responsible if their services fail, or does not meet the standard that the school promises to meet. I believe that the school is very much responsible for Jonathans post secondary education. Private schools take pride in the fact that they can provide a better education than public schools and that they prepare their students with the tools they need to survive in the university world.It is also important to note that this case has not yet been decided in favor of Jonathan and that Jonathan should be given a misfortune to prove himself. The fact that this action against the private school is taking place shows that Jonathan has just cause for his decision to take his case before the judge. The next airfield the editor deals with is what Ontario is doing to solve the problem of student preparedness. A key performance indicator review result soon be in effect. This review exit look at the employment rate of the former students as well as a survey of what employers think of the quality of the graduates.In the end it is utter that up to six percent of a colleges provincial government funding will be affected by these results. This way the schools with successful students will get more funding, where as the scho ols who do not do well will be faced with cutbacks. Cutbacks in any way shape or form are a bad thing. We are already facing cutbacks in the elementary, junior high and high school levels. These cutbacks are the direct intellect for the lack of student preparedness, and now community colleges are in for it.It is interesting that Ontario is going to enforce these rules to community colleges and not to universities. I would like to know why. I do not see how cutbacks are going to help a college that already is not doing well. You might as well shut the school pass because with these cutbacks that Ontario has in store for the colleges, the school might as well close its doors. On the other hand Virginia has come up with an idea that will help its students. In order for the schools to be held accountable they have come up with a pilot project that provides its students with educational warranties.This way if a student requires alterative education within two years, the school board w ill cover the costs. This is how Virginia is dealing with the graduates lack of basic skills. This plan by Virginia seems to me to be a better way to make a difference, and shows that they are putting their students first. First thing I would like to point out is that the plan by Virginia is a pilot project, meaning that it is currently at its test phase, therefore we must wait for the results to see if it is a plan to be adopted by all school board districts.With that in mind the pilot project is still a great idea. For one it holds the schools responsible for their actions and keeps a close spunk on the schools performance but does not have cut backs in mind. Students are now given a second chance to make things right. It is cognise that the high school years are hard on adolescence and that many find it hard to cope with the changes that are constantly taking place. Unlike the Ontario plan this projects does not close any doors on its students.The pilot project undertaken in Vi rginia gets the thumbs up because it puts the students first by providing them with a chance at a intelligent education, which in the end is the soul purpose of an educational institution. Study hard parents tell you. All your life you hear that in order to succeed in life you must study hard, get a good education and make something of yourself. One must not forget that the school is also responsible for its actions and responsible for providing a usable education. Unfortunately these days the high school diploma does not matter much to people, it is the post-secondary piece of paper that counts.Well obviously one needs a proper high school education in order to be able to survive in the post-secondary world. We as a society need to be concerned with the lack of student preparedness. These students lacking basic skills are going to run the future world. We need to nip this problem through the use of projects such as the one introduced in Virginia. As we enter the millenium, we nee d to understand that investments in our future are crucial. By providing a better education we prepare our children for all the advancements that we are headed for.

Is School Uniform A Good Idea Essay

Is school uniform a comfortably idea? What is it good for? These questions are asked time and time again by pupils. In this es register I plan to explore the issue and discuss whether or not its a good or bad idea. Teens often complain and criticize about how uncomfortable school uniforms are and how they do not live up to their fashion standards. On the other hand, t for each oneers argue that school uniform keeps students looking smart and the uniform helps identify any unknown person from entering the school, further more than students argue that e realone looks the same and the uniform is tedious and boring.A reason why school uniform is a good idea is it saves your clothes solely youd like to show off your dear clothes. In my opinion I rather waste a two dollar primark top than 178 prada shirt, but seemingly any(prenominal)(a) people feel they would be bulled for not wearing dear clothes this is because in the society we now live in has a towering demanad on having the perf ect fashion look.On school outings teachers say that its easier to identify their students if they are wearing school uniforms, but this takes away the students creativeness, and they are inefficient to cnver their own style and wear what they feel comfortable in. Although some pupils will try and change their uniform to make them look more unique but teachers quickly catch on to this and demand that we wear what they call the appropiate uniform. Teens like to be different and have their own style but by schools demanding that everyone obeys the dress code, students will all look the same.An argument for school uniform is that if students were to wear what they like the less fortunate pupils would stand out and they would be bullied because they cannot soften the newest clothes, this would cause the bullying rate to go up and lower pupils self esteem and make them feel as if they cannot be themselves in scoiety. But I do think that if pupil were allowed to wear non-uniform the wor ry to have the latest fashion would in stages, fade away because everyone would get used to wearing blueprint clothes and then it wouldnt be such a big thing not to wear uniform. Schools indubitably love uniform in rail line to this view, students absolutely hate themSchool s think uniform looks smart likewise so do most parents. In addition pupils sometimes do not follow the schools dress code and this makes teachers irate, and sometimes this leads up to pupils getting sent home. In recent years some schools have relaxed and accepted some different styles on the other hand some schools have strict rules that include girls only to wear skirts. I feel that making this demand some girls are being discriminated against because they might not want to wear a skirt because of their religion or they have a medical issue (skin problem). A reason for school uniform is that it makes the school look smart and represents the community.The usual uniform complies of a shirt, tie and trousers an d also a sweatshirt for some people this is very uncomfortable but this is a major improvement since the 1930s when the uniform was restricted to a plain blazer and a shirt touched your ankles, and for p.e pupils were trim to wearing underwear and basic sand shoes. Another good advantage of school uniform is that the big shop competitors like Asda and Tesco etc. Are competing with each other to provide good value uniforms for a better price this is also putting on pressur for the top range shops to reduce their prices to keep up with the cheaper ones.One disadvantage of school uniform is sometimes after the period of going back to school, the shops discontinue stocking the uniform and it makes it hard for the parents to buy a larger size that there child has grown too, therefore a lot of pupils come into school not wearing uniform because it doesnt fit them anymore. Sources say that a student in school uniform is more likely to take school seriously.Putting on school uniform signa ls that he/she wants to check up on and that they are complying of the rules which you must undertake when you go to work. However some students dont want to follow rules, forcing them to wear a uniform this only makes them more determined to be rebillious and wear what they want. In conclusion I think school uniform is a bad idea because it has no effect of the progeny at the end of the pupils school years however school uniform makes the school appear more pleasant and also makes the pupils look smart.

Advertising Cannot Make Worse Appear the Better but Worsn!

(Pop culture) The philsopher Geroge Santayana wrote Advertising is the modern substitue for argument its function is to make the worsenedned appear the better. I disagree with it. Advertising is a multi-billion-dollar-a-year industry and advertisements ar found everywhere today-in newspapers, online, on billboards, in magazines and even in school newsletters. They appear on the backward of recepits, on taxis and on buses, and in MTR stations. The purpose of advertisements is to promote the prodeucts or services they showcase.Then the advertisers pass on use different strategies and selling points such as slogans, work by means of suggestion and exaggeration to attract viewers. Therefore, announce nowadays is quite a debatable topic because there are many pros and cons. However, it is really make the worse appear the better? No, it isnt. Advertising has distorted customers view towards a product or service. For example, some beauty products are exaggerated through advertising wh en in fact they dont really work.Some slimming products and services have the same problem too. The slimming models appear super fit when they are actually not in person. The advertising company may make use of the computer technologies to adjust the fatness that shown on the advertisements. Besides, this slimming products may even result some side cause such as thirsty, a rapid heartbeat, slower metabolism, poor spirit and easy to get sick. As a result, its function is not make the worse appear the better but in fact the advertised products or services may hurt you.Apart from this, advertising makes the better appear the better on the surface only but not inner. Many skin-care products like face mask and moisturizing cream advertising attract women to buy them. Although they may have a more beautiful appearance after using these products, they have litter inner beauty. For instance, a lady has a beautiful appearance like a fairy. However, she has a vicious heart and fired by her b osses in many times. Therefore, it is why we say that do not judge a people by externals because this people are shallow and ugly.In this century, it is not all strange to see fashionable celebrities in advertisements presenting how cool and glamorous it is. Such brainwashing effect will certainly encourage teens to follow suit. Actually, the original idea of fashion is good because it encouages innovation and the younkerers have more choices and becomes more charming. However, with the enormous quantity of advertisements of new products, the young are just fashion seekers.They will try every means to buy whatever new products advertised on television they think are in the fashion, such as new types of mobile phones, clothes of a new style,ect. , discarding with no hesitation the ones in service although these are not superannuated and work perfectly. Moreover, they dont care the prices at all and sqandering like a billionarie. Then they may overburden with debts when they have cr edit abuse. In conclusion, it seems that advertising cannot make worse appear the better but worsn

My Favourite Cafe

I would like to tell you some words nigh unmatched of my favourite cafes in Murom. It is a suitable place to sit with a cup of tea or coffee or to spend trig time with your friends. In my humble opinion, it would be hard to find friendlier place in Murom than this litlle cafe, but of course it is a matter of taste. This coffee-house is located in Moscovskaya alley near the cafe-club Happiness. The interior helps to create relaxed home atmosphere. It is a subaltern cafe, which specializes in serving coffee and desserts with a small and simple dining room.You squirt find different types of coffee there espresso, capuchino, latte, black coffee, coffee with cognac, liqueur and some others. Also this cafe provides all kinds of drinks alcoholic and non-alcoholic, such as juice, mineral water and various types of tea. The cafes menu is rather diverse. You mass eat salads, fish and meat dishes tasty cakes, rolls and and pies with different fillings fruits apples, oranges, grapefr uits and lemons cut in small pieces sandwiches and pancakes with various syrops and sauces sushi and a variety of ice-cream, that can be with fruit sweet syrops, nuts and chocolate.The interior of this cafe is rather cosy and comfortable. Inside the cafe one can observe several small wooden tables without table-cloths, wooden chairs and nice soft sofas. There are stands with sugar, salt and paper napkins on the tables. Near the entrance, there is a large mirror, therefore the visitors have an opportunity to look at themselves. Along the walls are wooden cases with some pictures and photos. You can always hear quiet and melodic music there.The waiters are rather neat, friendly and polite. Usually the order is ready quickly, and the visitors dont wait for a long time. Unfortunately, I cant remember, when this cafe starts its work, but I know that they close up usually at 1 oclock am. Also, it is allowed to smoke there, but barely after 7 oclock pm. In the evening some visitors ask t he waiter to bring them an ashtray, so that they can drink a cup of fresh coffee with a cigarette. The prices in this cafe are not in truth high.The cost of a cup of coffee varies from 40 to 150 rubles, ice-cream somewhat 100-130 rubles and a glass of juice 30-40 rubles. Usually I prefer to order several cups of coffee, tasty ice-cream and some sweet deserts puddings, pancakes, pies, etc. In the spirit of the cafe, one can see a small bar with a variety of alcohol drinks, mineral waters and juices. The room itself is looking not very large, yet it is bright, clean and pleasing to the eye. So you can easily enjoy yourself in this lovely place.

Belonging Relative Text

HSC incline Area of Study Belonging Suggestions for related texts Items held by Hawkesbury Library Fiction Non-fiction Picture books Plays Poetry movie th eradicateer & television Documentary film & television Fiction Author Abdel-Fattah, Randa Abdel-Fattah, Randa Achebe, Chinua Alcott, Louisa May Anderson, Laurie Halse Atwood, Margaret Auel, denim Barrie, J. M. Binchy, Maeve Boyne, John Brashares, Ann Brooks, Geraldine Burgess, Anthony Camus, Albert Carroll, Lewis Chabon, Michael Conrad, Joseph Cormier, Robert Courtenay, Bryce Dahl, Roald Dickens, Charles Dickens, CharlesTitle Does My header Look Big In This? Ten Things I Hate About Me Things Fall Apart low Women mental synthesised The Handmaids Tale The Clan Of The Cave Bear Peter Pan heap Of Friends The Boy In The Striped Pyjamas Sisterhood Of The Travelling Pants March A Clockwork Orange The crime Alice in Wonderland The Amazing Adventures Of Kavalier And Clay Heart Of Darkness The Chocolate War The Power Of One Mat ilda Oliver Twist A Tale Of Two CitiesDostoevsky, Fyodor Doyle, Roddy Dudus, Andre Duff, Alan Dumas, Alexandre Evans, Alwyn Flanagan, Richard Frank, Anne Franklin Miles Gallico, Paul Galloway, Steven Galsworthy, John Golden, Arthur Greene, Graham Grenville, Kate Gwynne, Phillip Hardy, doubting Thomas Hawthorne, Nathaniel Herbert, Xavier Hinton, S. E.Hoseini, Khaled Irving, John Jones, Lloyd Joyce, James Kafka, Franz Kazuo, Ishiguro Keneally, Thomas King, Stephen Lee, Harper Leonie, Nor surroundton Lette, Kathy Lomer, Kathryn London, Jack Malouf, David Marchetta, Melina Marsden, John Martel, Yann McBride, James McCaffrey, Kate McCullers, Carson Meyer, Stephenie Mitchell, Margaret Monica, Hughes Montgomery, L. M.Morrison, Toni Morton, Kate Niffenegger, Audrey Niland, DArcy Nunn, Cameron Oates, Joyce Carol Crime And Punishment Paddy Clark Ha Ha Ha House Of Sand And Fog at once Were Warriors The Count of Monte Cristo Walk In My topographic point The Sound Of One Hand Clapping The Diar y of Anne Frank My Brilliant Career The Snow buffoon The Cellist Of Sarajevo The Forsyte Saga Memoirs Of A Geisha Brighton Rock The Secret River Deadly, Unna?Tess Of The DUrbervilles The Scarlet Letter Capricornia The Outsiders A Thousand slight Suns The Cider House Rules Mister Pip Ulysses Metamorphosis Never Let Me Go The Chant Of Jimmie Blacksmith Carrie To Kill A Mockingbird The Last Muster Puberty Blues The Spare Room White Fang Remembering Babylon flavour For Alibrandi Tomorrow When The War Began The Life Of Pi The Colour Of Water Destroying Avalon The Heart Is A Lonely huntsman Twilight (Series) Gone With The Wind The shop steward Of The Isis Light Anne Of Green Gables Sula Forgotten Garden The judgment of conviction Travellers Wife The Shiralee Shadows In The Mirror Black Girl / White GirlOBrien, Robert C. Orwell, George Picoult, Jodie Prichard, Katherine Rhys, Jean Rosoff, Meg Salinger, J. D Satre, Jean Paul Shields, Carol Shriver, Lionel Steinbeck, John Stoker, Bram Stowe, Harriet Beecher Swift, Jonathan Tan, Amy Tan, Amy Thomas, Hardy Tolkien, J. R. R. Tolkien, J. R. R. Twain, Mark Uris, Leon Voigt, Cynthia Walker, Alice Walker, Alice Waten, Judah White, E. B. Winton, Tim Winton, Tim Zusak, MarkusZ for Zachariah Nineteen Eighty-Four My Sisters Keeper Coonardoo Wide Sargasso Sea What I Was The Catcher in the Rye Nausea Unless We Need To communication About Kevin The Grapes Of Wrath Dracula Uncle Toms Cabin Gullivers Travels The Joy Luck parliamentary law The Bonesetters Daughter Jude, The Obscure The Hobbit Lord of the Rings Fellowship of the Ring The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Exodus positioncoming The Color regal Everyday Use (short narrative in Complete Stories) Alien Son Charlottes Web Breath diddly-squat Music The Book ThiefNon-fiction Author Ali, Ayaan Hirsi Burroughs, Augusten Capote, Truman Crawford, Evelyn Cunxin, Li Davis, Donna Deveson, Anne Facey, Albert Filipovic, Zlata Frank, Anne Gardner, Chris Hamlin, Catherine Keller, Helen Latifa Lowenstein, W Mah, Adeline Yen Mandela, Nelson McBride, James McCourt, Frank McCourt, Frank Mellor, Doreen Morgan, sortie Nannup, Alice Nazer, Mende Pelzer, Dave Pilkington, Doris Plath, Sylvia Rasool, Kay Read, Peter Skrzynecki, Peter Sykes, Roberta Thompson, L Turnbull, Sarah Williams, Donna TitleInfidel Running with scissors In cold blood Over my tracks monoamine oxidases last dancer Sins of the poses Tell me Im here A fortunate life Zlatas diary A childs life in Sarajevo The diary of Anne Frank The involvement of happyness The hospital by the river The story of my life My forbidden face The Immigrants Falling leaves A long walkway to freedom The color of water A black mans tribute to his white mother Angelas ashes Tis Many voices Reflections on experiences of indigenous child separation My place When the pelican laughed Slave The true story of a girls lost childhood and her fight for survival A child named It Home to mother The bell jar My journey behind the v eil Belonging Australians, place & Aboriginal willpower Sparrow garden Snake cradle From somewhere else People from other countries who have made Australia inhabitation Almost French Nobody nowhere Picture books AuthorAdams, Jeanie Allen, Pamela Baille, Alan Baille, Alan Baker, Jeannie Baker, Jeannie Bell, Helen Crew, Gary Cunxin, Li Dumbleton, Mike Gleeson, Libby Graham, Bob Graham, Bob Greder, Armin Grimm, Brothers Grimm, Brothers Jeffers, Oliver Killeen, Gretel King, Stephen Michael King, Stephen Michael King, Stephen Michael Le Guin, Ursula Le Guin, Ursula Lester, Helen Loh, Morag Marin, Gabiann Marsden, John Marsden, John Mattingley, Christobel Mattingley, Christobel McLean, Janet Miller, David Millman, Isaac Morimoto, Junko Morimoto, Junko Nilan, Kilmeny Norrington, Leonie Ottley, Matt Patterson, A. B. & Digby, Desmond Perrault, Charles Riddle, Tohby Stohner, Anu Tan, Shaun Tan, Shaun Tan, Shaun Title Pigs and honey Black dog Old prank Rebel Belonging Millicent Idjhil Memor ial The peasant prince Downsized An ordinary day Greetings from Sandy Beach Spirit of entrust The Island Hansel and Gretel Snow White Lost and found Cherry pie Henry & Amy Milli, Jack and the dancing cat bastard dog Tales of the Catwings Jane on her own Tacky the penguin The kinder hat A true person Home and forward The rabbits The big swim The race Oh, Kipper Refugees Hidden childMy Hiroshima The night hawk star Two laborious teddies You and me Our place Requiem for a beast Waltzing Matilda Cinderella (and other tales from Perrault) The singing hat Brave Charlotte The lost amour Tales from outer suburbia The red tree Utemorrah, Daisy Vander Zee, Ruth Wheatley, Nadia Wild, Margaret Wild, Margaret Zamorano, Ana Do not go around the edges Erikas story Lukes way of looking The very best of friends Woolvs in the sitee Lets eat Plays Author Davis, Jack Ibsen, Henrik Kafka, Franz Maris, Hyllus & Borg, Sonia Miller, Arthur Pinter, Harold Shakespeare, William Williams, Tennessee Title B arungin Smell the wind Hedda Gabler The trial Women of the sun Death of a salesman The caretaker Othello The icing menagerie Poetry AuthorFrost, Robert Murray, Les Anonymous Wright, Judith Wright, Wright , Judith Dawe, Bruce Wright, Judith Tennyson, Alfred Kendall, Henry Eliot, T. S. Frost, Robert Mackellar, Dorothea Wright, Judith Plath, Sylvia Auden, W. H. Wright, Judith Title Acquainted with the night An absolutely ordinary rainbow Beowulf Bora ring Eli, Eli The dark ones Enter without so much as knocking Half caste girls The lady of multiplier onion The last of his tribe The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock Mending wall My country Niggers take shape Paralytic Refugee blues River bend Film & television Amistad Beauty and the beast Bend it like Beckham Charlie and the coffee berry factory Crocodile Dundee Dead poets society Easy rider Edward Scissorhands E. T. the extra-terrestrial Finding Forrester Finding Nemo Fried special K tomatoes Gandhi Grease Hairspray Happy feet High noon Hotel Rwanda How to make an American quilt Life is beautiful small-scale Miss Sunshine Lord of the flies Man from Snowy River Mean girls Memoirs of a geisha Muriels wedding My big fat Greek wedding My brilliant career Neverending story Oliver Twist Once were warriors Piano, The Priscilla, queen of the desert Rebecca Scales of justice Schindlers list Sound of music Storm boy bring of us Sweeney Todd Titanic To kill a mockingbird To sir with love Trainspotting Transamerica Tristan & Isolde Twilight V for vendetta Waterfront Watership bolt down Whale rider Whats eating Gilbert Grape Wizard of Oz Documentary Film & boob tube Bowling for Columbine Darwins nightmare First Australians SBS series

Dna Analysis Practical Write-Up

Title desoxyribonucleic acid analysis head a) Isolate and Purify Bacterial Chromosomal desoxyribonucleic acid from a strain of E. coli b) Visualization of breastwork fragments by Agarose Gel electrophoresis Objectives * to isolate and purify bacterial chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid from a strain of E. coli * to dismember and identify desoxyribonucleic acid by use of a spectro-photometer * to use restriction enzymes to cleave desoxyribonucleic acid into fragments * to jut the restriction fragments by gel electrophoresis * to comp ar the dissimilar DNA fragments generated by use of molecular markersAbstract This work describes a lysis method for the isolation and purification of bacterial genomic DNA and visualization of the restriction fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was noted that for one to isolate and purify bacterial chromosomal DNA several move atomic number 18 taken into consideration. DNA was found to absorb at 260nm wavelength in a UV spectrophotometer . rampart enzymes were added to cleave DNA which would produce various DNA fragments. DNA merchant shipister be crumbled into different sized fragments by gel electrophoresis.The bacterial DNA was successfully isolated and purified however it could not be observed after locomotening the gel. DNA analysis is a standard pract drinking glass for defining authorship or maternity, predisposition to disease, embryonic health and criminal guilty. But in our context, DNA analysis is generally used for predisposition of diseases in bacteria. Bacteria are pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious diseases including cholera, syphilis, anthrax and leprosy. The some common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections such as tuberculosis (Barnum S.R 1998). Nucleic acids encode reading relating to cell structure and function. Cells rescue the ability to make copies of their DNA and pass this information to daughter cells. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotid es are composed of ribose (a 5 carbon) sugar and either a purine and pyrimidine base at 1 position. The purine bases are adenine (A) and guanine (G) and the pyrimidine bases are cytosine (C), thymine (T) and Uracil (U). Uracil is only found in RNA and thymine is only found in DNA (Wiser M. F 2002).Isolation of nucleic acid three major types of techniques are employed in the isolation of nucleic acids differential solubility, absorption methods or density gradient centrifugation. The quality of method will depend on the type of DNA being isolated and the application. A major goal of nucleic acid isolation is the removal of proteins. The separation of nucleic acids from proteins is generally accomplished pay suitable to their different chemical properties. In particular, the richlyly charged phosphate backbone makes the nucleic acids rather hydrophilic as compared to proteins which are much hydrophobic (Allison L.A 2012). Spectrophotometry is a versatile analytical tool. The u nderlying principle of spectrophotometry is to shine light on a sample and to analyze how the sample affects the light. DNA absorbs light at a wavelength of nearly 260nm (Stryer 2006). Centrifugation is a functioning that involves the use of the centrifugal force for the separation of mixtures. Separation is based size, shape and density. It utilizes density difference betwixt the particles/macro particles and the medium in which these are dispersed (Gupta P. K 2006).Dispersed systems are subjected to artificially induced gravitational fields. A buffer is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid. Its pH changes really little when a petty(a) amount of steady acid or base is added to it and thus it is used to prevent any change in the pH of a solution (Cowan M. K 2009). Electrophoresis is a diverse technique of separation used to separate and sometimes purify macromolecules especially proteins and nucleic acids that differ in size, charge or conformation by an voltaic current (Stryer L. 2006). Gel electrophoresis refers to using a gel as an ant convective medium and or sieving medium during electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is most commonly used for separation of biological macromolecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or protein however, gel electrophoresis can be used for separation of nanoparticles. Materials use * Luria Broth medium * SET polisher * tenner Buffer * Choloroform/isoamyl alcohol. 241 mixture * phenylic acid/ chloroform 11 (Buffer saturated phenol) * Ethanol (95%) stored at -20? * Na Acetate * NaCl 5M sterilized by autoclaving Sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) 26% (w/v) * Bacteria cells * Plastic test tubes * Glass rods * Wide bore pipette * methamphetamine bath * Centrifuge * Ethidium bromide * Agarose * TBE buffer Methodology Each group carried prohibited the side by side(p) procedures utilise twain 50ml sterile plastic tubes, harvested cells by centrifugation for 10 min 4C. Combined pellets to give approximately 1g wet cloging of cells. Washed the pellet, re-suspended it in 20ml Ten buffer by gentle vortexing. Harvested the cells again as described above. Re suspended the cells in 10ml of Set buffer and let them sit on ice for 5min.Added 1000L of lysozyme and incubated at 37? for 30 min. Divided the cell suspension into two in separate sterile 50ml tubes. Added 5 ml Ten Buffer and 500l of SDS. gently mixed the tubes by inverting them until lysis occurred. To each tube added 1ml 5M NaCl and an come to volume of buffer saturated phenol. The tubes were inverted work the mixture was emulsified. Separated the phases by centrifugation for 10min at 40C. Recovered the upper aqueous phase using a wide bore pipette. When retaining the aqueous phase the pellicle at the interface was avoided. Repeated the extraction until the interface was clear.Added an equal volume of chloroform and extract residual protein a s described above. Transferred the upper aqueous phases from both tubes to a 100ml beaker. Set them on ice and added 1/10th volume 3M Na ethanoate. Precipitate the DNA by addition of 2 volumes of ice cold 95% ethanol. Mixed thoroughly and allow it to stand for virtually 5min on ice for the DNA to precipitate. Spooled the DNA out of solution on a glass rod, dipped it into a tube of 95% ethanol and re-suspended in 10ml Ten Buffer. Left to dissolve overnight at 4C B) Gel electrophoresis The gel was prepared by melting 1. 6g of agarose plus 200ml of 0. x TBE buffer. Swirled the mixture and allowed it to cool to 55?. Added 10? l ethiduim disgrace Loaded the gel in the following order 1. Undigested pBSK 2. pBSK + digested with Eco R1 and Xba 1 3. Undigested DNA from a blue colony 4. DNA from a blue colony digested with Eco R1 and Xba 1 5. Undigested DNA from a white colony 6. DNA from a white colony digested with Eco R1 and Xba1 7. Lambda Hind III molecular weight markers After loading the gel it was run at 100 volts for 2 hours. Results We managed to precipitate DNA out of the Bacterial cells. DNA was bring inn a small white like fragments.However we could not spool the DNA out of solution using glass rods due to fact that DNA is a fragile compound hence when we twisted / spooled for DNA we destroyed the DNA strands cutting them into smaller fragments. The following day, analysis of the DNA sample in a spectrophotometer was carried out. It was found that DNA absorbed a specific wavelength of 260nm. This proved the presence of DNA in the sample. Our sample was digested by restriction enzymes and labeled the DNA fragments with an identification dye and ran them on the Gel electrophoresis together with molecular weight markers.After running the gel no observeable bands of different band fragments were observed. Only the molecular weight markers bands were observed. Discussion The TEN and SET buffer were used to lyse the cells. They are good buffering agent, which solubilizes the DNA, while protecting it from degradation. Eluting and storing the DNA in TBE Buffer is doful if the EDTA does not affect the downstream applications. EDTA chelates or binds to Mg2+ ions present in purified DNA and can help inhibit possible contaminating nuclease activity (Cowan M. K 2009).Balancing of test tubes before centrifugation in order for the centrifugation dish up to be effective to create centrifugal field that results in maximum separation of cell components. fit in to Wiser M. F 2002, DNA is very insoluble in ethanol and isopropanol, but both alcohols are very water soluble. Thus, it will dissolve in water to form a solution and cause the DNA in the solution to aggregate and precipitate out. Isopropanol is often better to use because it has greater forte in precipitating the DNA and thus lower concentration is required. This is advantageous because it will take little time for the isopropyl alcohol to evaporate.Salts such as sodium chloride and ammo nium acetate remove histone and non-histone chromosomal proteins terminal point to the DNA. As soon as 95% ethanol was added after sodium acetate for DNA precipitation, the all solution turned cloudy with a lot of white precipitate, precipitating down. According to Allison L. A, 2012 sodium acetate which is negatively charged and low pH was used which contributes to charging positively the DNA. A combination of this plus high salt molarity enhances formation of aggregates of DNA and facilitates the pelleting procedure. Chloroform isoamyl-alcohol is a type of detergent.It binds to protein and lipids of cell membrane and dissolves them. By this it disrupted the bonds that hold the cell membrane together and cause it to shockdown. It then forms complexes with these lipids and proteins, causing them to precipitate out of solution (Besty T and Keogh J 2005). This reduced chance of contaminated DNA being obtained hence do it possible for us to be able to precipitate DNA only. Alcohol (95%ethanol) is used to precipitate DNA. SDS which stands for sodium dodecyl sulfate is a strong anionic detergent that can solubilize the proteins and lipids that form the membranes.This will helped the cell membranes and nuclear envelopes to break down and expose the chromosomes that contain the DNA. In addition to removing the membrane barriers, SDS helped release the DNA from histones and other DNA binding proteins by denaturing them (Barnum S. R 1998). Ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis. When exposed to invisible light, it will fluoresce with an orange colour, intensifying almost 20-fold after binding to DNA (Wiser M.F 2012). Molecular weight size is a set of standards that are used to identify the approximate size of a molecule run on a gel. These markers were composed of nucleic acids of different sizes. A few reasons you may n ot see bands on the gel after electrophoresis When preparing the gel for electrophoresis TBE buffer was used. This was done so that the temperature can be maintained and lubricate the electrolyte. Loading dye was added this helped weigh down the DNA so that it can sink into the bottom wells and not float in the buffer solution. According to Gupta P.K, 2006 loading dye moves quickly than the actual DNA parts so it is an indicator to when to turn off the power on the electrophoresis chamber. The dye also makes the DNA visible to the naked eye, giving it a purplish semblance and making it easier to work with. After Gel electrophoresis no bands of DNA were observed. This according Allison L. A (2012) aptitude scram been as a result of any of the following * DNA concentration might have been too low. * DNA sample is contaminated with RNA and Protein * DNA bands are too small and have run out of the gel The buffer system in which the gel is suspended is not doing its subcontract decr yly. The buffer might have to be made fresh. * The electrophoresis apparatus is not in the correct orientation (electrodes not connected to the right poles). The major drawback in the experiment was that our fellow colleagues were not able to isolate and purify their DNA. Also when working with DNA temperature regulations were not sometimes adhered to, it was sometimes left on the surface tables for coarse periods esp. when the samples were being analyzed in the spectrophotometer.Recommendations With proper teamwork and co-ordination among my fellow classmates much larger quantities of DNA could have been isolated and purified. The DNA should not be kept at room conditions for a long time. Conclusion The experiment was partly a success managed to isolate and purify DNA, analyzed it using a spectrophotometer. However bands of DNA could not be visualized after running the gel. References 1. Allison L. A. (2012). Fundamental Molecular Biology, second edition. Denvers. John Wiley and S ons Inc. 2. Barnum Susan.R, (1998), Biotechnology An introduction, juvenile Delhi, Vikas Publishing House. 3. Besty Tom and Keogh Jim, (2005), Microbiology demystified, New York MacGraw-Hill. 4. Cowan Majorie Kelly, (2009), Microbiology A Systems Approach, 3rd edition New York MacGraw-Hill. 5. Gupta, P. K. (2006). Elements of Biotechnology, Meerut. Rastogi Publications. 6. Stryer L, Berg J. M and John Tymozcko. (2006). Biochemistry. 5th edition. California. W. H Freeman and Company. 7. Wiser, M. F. (2002). Methods in cell biology. Berlin. Springer Verlog CHINHOYI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYName Tanyaradzwa R Ngara Reg Number C1110934J Course Recombinant DNA Technology Module Code CUBT 203 Program Biotechnology Level 21 Lecturer Dr Mlambo Practical Write-up DNA analysis